Our country India is one of the 12 mega biodiversity countries of the world. With about 47,000 plant species, India occupies the tenth place in the world and fourth in Asia in plant diversity. The diverse wildlife and natural vegetation make India one of the richest countries in terms of flora and flora.
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) Which of the following types of vegetation does rubber belong to?
(a) Tundra, (b) Himalayan, (c) Tidal, (d) Tropical Evergreen
Answer: (d) Tropical Evergreen
(ii) Cinchona trees are found in areas of rainfall more than
(a) 100 cm, (b) 70 cm, (c) 50 cm, (d) less than 50 cm
Answer: (a) 100 cm
(iii) In which of the following states is the Simlipal bio-reserve located?
(a) Punjab, (b) Delhi, (c) Odisha, (d) West Bengal
Answer: (c) Odisha
(iv) Which one of the following bio-reserves of India is not included in the world network of bio reserves?
(a) Manas, (b) Gulf of Mannar, (c) Nilgiri, (d) Nanda Devi
Answer: (a) Manas
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2. Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) What factors are responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India?
Answer: Climatic conditions:
- Temperature
- Humidity
- Photoperiod
- Precipitation
Relief:
- Land
- Soil
(ii) What is a bio-reserve? Give two examples.
Answer: Bio-reserves are protected areas. This is done to protect natural vegetation, wildlife and the environment.
Examples:
- Sunderbans
- Gulf of Mannar
(iii) Name two animals having habitats in the tropical and montane types of vegetation.
Answer: Tropical:
Tiger, Elephant.
Montane:
Snow Leopard
3. Distinguish between
(i) Flora and Fauna
Answer: The plant species of a particular region is called flora, and the animal species of a particular region is called fauna.
(ii) Tropical evergreen and deciduous forests
Answer: Tropical Evergreen Forests:
- They are called rainforests.
- No definite time for trees to shed leaves.
- Rainfall is more than 200 cm.
Tropical Deciduous Forests:
- They are called monsoon forests.
- Trees shed leaves for about six to eight weeks in the dry summer.
- The rainfall range is between 200 cm to 70 cm.
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4. Name different types of vegetation found in India and describe the vegetation of high altitudes.
Answer: The different types of vegetation found in India are listed below:
- Tropical evergreen forests
- Tropical deciduous forests
- Tropical thorn forests and scrubs
- Montane forests
- Mangrove forests
The characteristics of vegetation in high altitudes are as follows:
- Alpine vegetation is found in altitudes above 3600 m.
- Trees in these areas are junipers, birches and pines.
5. Several species of plants and animals are endangered in India. Why?
Answer: The reasons are as follows:
- Increasing population
- Pollution
- Deforestation
- Hunting by poachers.
6. Why has India a rich heritage of flora and fauna?
Answer:
- India is a country with diverse relief features
- Availability of different types of soil
- Variation in climatic conditions